Sous le titre " Les mines de Gobi. La bataille pour les ressources de la Mongolie. ", le Spiegel Online International du 7 août 2013, appelle l'attention sur les traités inégaux de Rio Tinto avec la Mongolie.
Nous citons le début de l'article, qui plante le décor et résume le drame :
" Mongolia is over four times the size of Germany, with nearly 3 million inhabitants and a GDP of $10 billion (€7.5 billion) in 2012.
British-Australian mining corporation Rio Tinto employs 71,000 people in more than 40 countries and is worth about $60 billion.
These two unequal partners -- a poor, potentially rich nation and the second largest mining corporation in the world -- have joined together to mine one of the globe's largest deposits of copper and gold. But will they be capable of distributing this wealth fairly?
The mine in question lies an hour's flight south of the Mongolian capital Ulan Bator, near the border with China. There is enough copper in the ground here to build the Statue of Liberty more than 800,000 times over. Once the planned mine goes into full operation, it could increase the country's GDP by a third. It could, at least in theory, bring prosperity to this country where many people still live in simple yurts and huts.
But in practice, the transaction between this global corporation and this country that is poor but rich in raw materials looks quite different. In fact, the project serves as a prime example of what is happening in a growing number of newly industrialized and developing countries.
Here we have a weak country that needs the help of a business that is economically far more advanced to tap its own natural resources. One side has raw materials everyone wants; the other has the necessary technical expertise, as well as a great deal of money and smart lawyers. How can the inexperienced country benefit from this relationship without being taken advantage of? And how can the government of this frail democracy explain to its people that in the coming boom years, a few people will get rich very quickly, while most stay poor? "
D'un côté, un pays de 3 millions d'habitants, avec un PIB de 10 milliards de dollars. De l'autre, un groupe employant 71.000 personnes et coté 60 milliards de dollars.
On notera la phrase : " (ce contrat) pourrait apporter la prospérité à ce pays où beaucoup de gens vivent encore dans des yourtes ou des huttes. " Espérons qu'ils ne les regrettent pas dans quelques années !
L'auteur considère que ce projet est représentatif de ce qui se passe dans un nombre croissant de pays en voie d'industrialisation et développement : la richesse rapide pour quelques-uns, la pauvreté pour la majorité (mais sans yourtes ?).
Pour accéder au texte complet de l'article : Der Spiegel