L'INET, Institute for New Economic Thinking (Institut pour une nouvelle pensée économique, financé notamment par George Soros) a publié le 24 juillet un rapport approfondi sur la crise de la zone euro avec des propositions pour la résoudre. L'International Herald Tribune en a rendu compte comme suit :
INET Council on the Euro Zone Crisis Offers Pragmatic Solutions in New Report
" The INET Council on the Euro Zone Crisis, which features some of Europe’s top economic minds, yesterday released a report that offers a series of suggestions on how to resolve the ongoing euro zone crisis.
The crux of the report comes down to recognizing the distinction between “legacy costs” (costs that now exist as a legacy of the initially flawed design of the euro) and “fixing the design itself.”
While the Council suggests that both of these aspects of the current crisis need to be addressed if the euro zone is to survive, they separate out the immediate-term needs for addressing the legacy costs and saving the euro zone from self-fulfilling disasters and the medium- and long-term adjustments to the euro zone that need to be made as well.
Importantly, this approach does not include “a permanent mechanism for common euro zone debt issuance and a mechanism for countercyclical fiscal transfers,” because the Council saw these as unnecessary measures for resolving the present crisis. Instead, they suggest a “minimal institutional framework to ensure the currency union functions as originally intended.”
But a key to this minimal framework is the Council’s recognition that “it is the responsibility of all European nations that were parties to its flawed design, construction, and implementation to contribute to a solution.” They see this as both necessary and just because the present crisis is “the result of a flawed euro design that encouraged both reckless borrowing (in the deficit countries) and reckless lending (in the surplus countries)” This is why the Council takes a balanced approach that recognizes the moral-hazard concerns of creditor countries while also recognizing the responsibility they have to help clean up the mess they helped cause.
It is this ongoing conflict between debtor and creditor countries that has been holding back a solution to the euro crisis. But the Council suggests that “solving the current crisis is not a zero-sum game.” Rather, a solution is “a win-win choice for both creditor and debtor countries” because the costs of euro-zone disintegration would far exceed the costs - even to surplus countries – of keeping the euro together.
Included in the solutions to the legacy problem is a short-term mutualization of all legacy debt, since all the euro zone countries played a role in creating this situation. However, the council suggests a five-year limit on this measure, so the euro piggy bank would not remain permanently open to countries with short-term problems.
Long-term restructuring solutions include the necessary reform of the financial sector, such as a euro-zone level authority to oversee the financial sector and resolution. Similar elevation for some of fiscal and budgetary policy is suggested. Additionally, the report suggests a law calling for a “write-off of all bank debt or bail in (except deposits up to the insured limit) before tax payers are asked for funds” to help prevent future bailouts of the financial sector. The Council also suggests the establishment of a euro-zone level lender of last resort for countries who are compliant with the fiscal compact (like Italy was before the crisis) and the creation of a risk-free euro-zone asset that would bring in a substantial windfall and enable the euro zone to capture a liquidity premium.
The report lays out many more suggestions in its 17 points for fixing the design of the euro zone and correcting the current legacy problem. "